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Showing posts from March, 2010

C Glossary of bird terms

listen loons on xeno-canto call specific types: alarm; contact; duet; antiphonal duetting; food begging; flight; mobbing. type of bird vocalization tending serve such functions giving alarm or keeping members of flock in contact—as opposed bird s song, longer , more complex , associated courtship , mating. individual birds may sensitive enough identify each other through calls. many birds nest in colonies can locate chicks using calls. alarm calls used sound alarm other individuals. food-begging calls made baby birds beg food, such wah of infant blue jays. mobbing calls signal other individuals in mobbing species while harassing predator. differ alarm calls, alert other species members allow escape predators. example, great tit, european songbird, uses such signal call on nearby birds harass perched bird of prey, such owl. call occurs in 4.5khz range, , carries on long distances. however, when such prey species in flight, employ alarm signal in 7–8 khz range. call less effective @ tr

Films Ciske de Rat

the first film issued in 1955, starring dick van der velde ciske , kees brusse teacher bruis. black-and-white film, directed wolfgang staudte, won ocic award , silver lion @ venice film festival. based on admissions, still third popular dutch film in dutch box office history. 1984 the second film directed guido pieters , filmed frans bromet. ciske played danny de munk sang title song ik voel me zo verdomd alleen ( feel damned alone ) scored number 1 hit in netherlands. an enhanced television series later broadcast. both films still in top fifteen dutch films visited in netherlands since 1945.

Summary The Virgin Queen (TV serial)

1 summary 1.1 episode 1 1.2 episode 2 1.3 episode 3 1.4 episode 4 summary episode 1 the first episode depicts elizabeth imprisonment in tower of london queen, sister mary i, accused plotting queen s demise, accession throne following mary s death, , coronation. elizabeth imprisoned in tower, accused of participating in thomas wyatt s rebellion overthrow mary. episode hints elizabeth s participation, though evidence of remains highly conjectural. episode establishes elizabeth s relationship robert dudley, , shown in love, despite dudley being married. elizabeth s frustration @ later house arrest @ woodstock manor emphasised comic effect. shown being held @ woodstock release tower until sister s death cancer, when in reality held there year, before being recalled london mary keep closer eye on her. episode depicts legend of elizabeth being told queen of england under oak tree, depicted being in woodstock in reality claimed have occurred @ hatfield house, , utterance of quote work of lor

Shrews.2C tenrecs and rats Animal echolocation

terrestrial mammals other bats known echolocate include 2 genera (sorex , blarina) of shrews , tenrecs of madagascar. these include wandering shrew (sorex vagrans), common or eurasian shrew (sorex araneus), , short-tailed shrew (blarina brevicauda). nature of shrew sounds unlike of bats low amplitude, broadband, multi-harmonic , frequency modulated. contain no ‘echolocation clicks’ reverberations , seem used simple, close range spatial orientation. in contrast bats, shrews use echolocation investigate habitat rather additionally pinpoint food. there evidence blinded laboratory rats can use echolocation navigate mazes.

Gear box designing Gear

1 gear box designing 1.1 procedure stepwise solution 1.2 speed chart 1.3 gear box diagram 1.4 inspection gear box designing the essential information required designing gear box follows. procedure stepwise solution let n1, n2, n3… n z rpm values available on machine tool in geometric progression. rn= nz/( n1)= Ø z-1 where rn= range ratio, Ø= progression ratio Ø= rn (1/z-1) z= log rn. Ø/ log Ø suppose speed on 1 shaft yields 2 speed values on next shaft i.e. number of speed steps of particular transmission group p=2. transmission ratio provide 2 speed values must lie in following range: i max= 2 & min= ¼ maximum reduction of speed limited 4 times keep radial dimensions of gear box within reasonable limits, maximum increase of speed limited 2 times due limitations of pitch line velocity. i max/i min= 8 structural formula: z= p1(x1) p2(x2) p3(x3) here x1= 1, x2= characteristics of x1= p1 & x3=characteristics of x1x2= p1p2 let understand e.g. n min = 16 rpm n max =770 rpm Ø= 1.41 r

History Gear

single-stage gear reducer examples of gear applications include: ma jun (c. 200–265 ad) used differential gears part of south-pointing chariot. the first geared mechanical clocks built in china in 725. al-jazari (c. 1206) invented segmental gear part of water-lifting device. the worm gear invented part of roller cotton gin in indian subcontinent (c. 13th–14th centuries). the 1386 salisbury cathedral clock may world s oldest still working geared mechanical clock. ^ derek j. de solla price, on origin of clockwork, perpetual motion devices, , compass, p.84 ^ antikythera mechanism research project: why important? . retrieved 2011-01-10. mechanism thought date between 150 , 100 bc  ^ norton 2004, p. 462 ^ lewis, m. j. t. (1993). gearing in ancient world . endeavour. 17 (3): 110–115. doi:10.1016/0160-9327(93)90099-o.  ^ joseph needham (1986). science , civilization in china: volume 4, part 2, page 298. taipei: caves books, ltd. ^ segment gear, thefreedictionary.com ^ donald hill (2012),

Suggested work list by genre Alexander Goehr

1 suggested work list genre 1.1 chamber 1.2 vocal 1.3 orchestral 1.4 opera suggested work list genre chamber suite, op. 11 string quartet no. 2, op. 23 string quartet no. 3, op. 37 ...a musical offering (j.s.b. 1985)..., op. 46 quintet 5 objects darkly, op. 62 idées fixes ensemble, op. 63 since brass, nor stone..., fantasy string quartet , percussion, op. 80 vocal the deluge (cantata), op. 7 psalm iv, op. 38a das gesetz der quadrille, op. 41 sing ariel (cantata), op. 51 the death of moses (cantata), op. 53 three songs, op. 60 orchestral little symphony, op. 15 symphony in 1 movement, op. 29 metamorphosis/dance, op. 36 sinfonia, op. 42 symphony chaconne, op. 48 colossos or panic, op. 55 schlussgesang, op. 61 opera arden must die behold sun arianna, op. 58 kantan , damask drum promised end

Generation portfolio Pacific Gas and Electric Company

1 generation portfolio 1.1 hydroelectric 1.2 nuclear 1.3 fossil fuels 1.4 solar generation portfolio pg&e s utility-owned generation portfolio consists of extensive hydroelectric system, 1 operating nuclear power plant, 1 operating natural gas-fired power plant, , gas-fired plant under construction. 2 other plants owned company have been permanently removed commercial operation: humboldt bay unit 3 (nuclear) , hunters point (fossil). hydroelectric pg&e largest private owner of hydroelectric facilities in united states including 174 dams. according company s form 10-k filing 2011, utility’s hydroelectric system consists of 110 generating units @ 68 powerhouses, including helms pumped storage facility, total generating capacity of 3,896 mw ... system includes 99 reservoirs, 56 diversions, 174 dams, 172 miles of canals, 43 miles of flumes, 130 miles of tunnels, 54 miles of pipe (penstocks, siphons , low head pipes), , 5 miles of natural waterways. the single largest component hel

Successor (C207/A207; 2010–2017) (C/A238; 2016–present) Mercedes-Benz CLK-Class

a two-door e-class coupé introduced part of new eighth-generation e-class, @ 2009 geneva motor show, mercedes-benz intended leverage better-known e-class nameplate. compared clk, c207 e-class coupé/cabriolet shares more (up 60% of parts) w212 e-class sedan/wagon. nonetheless clk, c207 e-class still based on c-class platform instead of underpinnings of larger w212 e-class sedan/wagon, , produced in bremen alongside other c-class vehicles. ninth-generation e-class (w213), coupé shares same platform sedan/wagon.

Excavations Claros

the maze-like adyton beneath temple of apollo has been preserved well. very few changes occurred in sanctuary between 6th , end of 4th century. @ time new layout of sacred area conceived, monuments on larger scale; probably, plans put execution after terrible events of beginning of 3rd century bc. later in 3rd century construction began on new altar , new temple of apollo. had dark crypt-like adyton oracle delivered prophecies. today preserved , narrow, dark , vaulted labyrinthine corridors remain. above ground, remains can seen of base , fragments of colossal sculptures of seated apollo lyre, accompanied leto , artemis, facing east. group, fragments partially reassembled @ site, seems have measured more 7 meters in height. in sanctuary, rows of names of countless grateful ancient visitors may still seen, votive , memorial inscriptions on columns, on steps , walls , on curving marble bench: in entirety inscription of clarus form largest assembly of surviving greek inscriptions. elegant

References Bolshoy Kamen

sources Законодательное Собрание Приморского края. Закон №161-КЗ от 14 ноября 2001 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Приморского края», в ред. Закона №673-КЗ от 6 октября 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Приморского края Об административно-территориальном устройстве Приморского края ». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: Красное знамя Приморья , №69 (119), 29 ноября 2001 г. (legislative assembly of primorsky krai. law #161-kz of november 14, 2001 on administrative-territorial structure of primorsky krai, amended law #673-kz of october 6, 2015 on amending law of primorsky krai on administrative-territorial structure of primorsky krai . effective of the official publication date.). Законодательное Собрание Приморского края. Закон №538-КЗ от 26 декабря 2014 г. «О городском округе Большой Камень». Вступил в силу 1 января 2015 г. Опубликован: Ведомости Законодательного Собрания Приморского края , №103, с. 98–102, 29 декабря 2014 г. (legisl

Classical works Marimba

a marimba player (ndr radiophilharmonie, hanover, 2003) this list represents incomplete selection of western classical compositions instrument: keiko abe: dream of cherry blossoms (1983), frog (1958), michi (1978), variations on japanese children s songs (1982), prism solo marimba (1986) bruce adolphe: self comes mind (2009), red dogs , pink skies (2002), reach out, raise hope, change society (2011) benjamin c.s. boyle: les bois du paradis (2012) stephen brown: shadow of leaf, soprano , marimba (2006), ten-song cycle sung one howard j. buss: day in city (1986) – brixton publications howard j. buss: rite of passage (1995) brixton publications paul creston: concertino marimba (1940) emma lou diemer: concerto in 1 movement marimba , chamber orchestra (1991) jacob druckman: reflections on nature of water (1986) aisha duo: quiet songs (2005) safri duo: baya baya joseph hallman: violencia marimba , cello (2007), written alisa weilerstein , matthew mcclung. john harbison: concerto bass viol (

R172 .282011.E2.80.93Present.29 Mercedes-Benz SLK-Class

mercedes-benz slk 200 blueefficiency (europe) development on r172 began in 2005, final design being selected in 2008. mercedes-benz announced new slk in autumn of 2010, allowing car magazines drive disguised test cars several months prior official announcement in january 2011 , formal public launch @ geneva motor show in march 2011. company took unusual step of issuing several press releases in october , november 2010 announcing new features such magic sky control . r172 range slk 200 (2011-2015) – 1.8 l (1796 cc) 135 kw (184 ps; 181 hp) i4 turbocharged engine, 0–100 km/h (62 mph) 7.1 seconds, top speed of 149 mph. (not available in canada , united states) slk 200 (2.0) (2015–present) – 2.0 l (1998 cc) 135 kw (184 ps; 181 hp) i4 turbocharged engine, 0–100 km/h (62 mph) 6.8 seconds, top speed of 149 mph. (not available in canada , united states) slk 250 (2011-2015) – 1.8 l (1796 cc) 150 kw (204 ps; 201 hp) i4 turbocharged engine, 0–100 km/h (62 mph) 6.4 seconds, top speed of 152 mph. s

Neutral site games Canadian Football League in the United States

there had been degree of cross-fertilization between canadian , american leagues earlier in 20th century. number of cfl–nfl interleague games held in canada. well, eleven neutral-site cfl games have been played on american soil. earliest of these dates 1909, while bulk occurred between 1951 , 1967. 1909 game, featuring ottawa rough riders , hamilton tigers, sponsored new york herald , played @ van cortlandt park in bronx; in era when canadian game more similar rugby football , did not feature modern rules such forward pass. next game, 1951 match-up between hamilton tiger-cats , toronto argonauts in buffalo, billed first true all-canadian game played in united states , drew more 18,000, decent crowd era. in 1958, hamilton defeated ottawa in regular-season contest in front 15,000 in philadelphia s cavernous municipal stadium, 24–18. remains cfl game played outside canada, involving 2 canadian teams, counted in standings. the american pacific northwest became frequent site games in 1950s

Early Islamism Jihad

in twentieth century, many islamist groups appeared, being influenced social frustrations following economic crises of 1970s , 1980s. 1 of first islamist groups, muslim brotherhood emphasized physical struggle , martyrdom in credo: god our objective; quran our constitution; prophet our leader; struggle (jihad) our way; , death sake of god highest of our aspirations. in tract on jihad , founder hasan al-banna warned readers against widespread belief among many muslims struggles of heart more demanding struggles sword, , called on egyptians prepare jihad against british, (making him first influential scholar since 1857 india uprising call jihad of sword). group called jihad against new jewish state of israel in 1940s, , palestinian branch, hamas, called jihad against israel when first intifada started. in 2012, general guide (leader) in egypt, mohammed badie declared jihad save jerusalem usurpers , [liberate] palestine claws of occupation ... personal duty muslims. muslims must p

Geography Cinco Ranch, Texas

map of cinco ranch cdp cinco ranch located @ 29°44′29″n 95°45′30″w / 29.74139°n 95.75833°w / 29.74139; -95.75833 (29.741522, -95.758343). according united states census bureau, cdp has total area of 4.9 square miles (12.8 km²). none of area covered water.

History Crowded House

1 history 1.1 formation , name change (1984–1986) 1.2 albums (1986–1990) 1.3 nineties (1991–1994) 1.4 saying farewell (1994–1996) 1.5 between farewell , reunion (1996–2006) 1.6 reunion , time on earth (2006–2009) 1.7 intriguer , current status (2009–present) history neil finn (vocals, guitar, piano) , drummer paul hester (ex-the cheks, deckchairs overboard) former members of new zealand band split enz, spent part of 1975–6 in australia , several years in england. neil finn younger brother of split enz founding member tim finn, joined crowded house in 1990 on vocals, guitars , keyboards album woodface. bassist nick seymour (ex-plays marionettes, bang, horla) younger brother of singer-songwriter , guitarist mark seymour of defunct australian rock group hunters & collectors. formation , name change (1984–1986) finn , hester decided form new band during first split enz farewell tour, enz bang , in late 1984. seymour approached finn during after party melbourne show , asked if audition

References A7V

bibliography foley, john (1967). a7v sturmpanzerwagen. armour in profile. great bookham, surrey: profile publications.  forty, george (1995). tank action great war gulf. stroud, gloucestershire: alan sutton publishing ltd. pp. 39–47. isbn 0-7509-0479-8.  foss, christopher f. (2003). encyclopedia of tanks , armoured fighting vehicles. staplehurst, kent: spellmount. isbn 1-86227-188-7.  funk, wolfram (2003). zur technik des sturmpanzers a7v (technology of sturmpanzerwagen a7v) . sturmpanzerwagen a7v : vom urpanzer zum kampfpanzer leopard 2 : ein beitrag zur militär- und technikgeschichte [sturmpanzerwagen a7v: tanks leopard 2 battle tank: contribution military , technological history]. wehrtechnik und wissenschaftliche waffenkunde (in german). 15. bonn: bernard & graefe. isbn 978-3-76376-243-9.  hundleby, maxwell; strasheim, rainer (1990). german a7v tank , captured british mark iv tanks of world war i. haynes foulis. isbn 0-85429-788-x.  hundleby, maxwell; strasheim, rainer (2010).

Problem The lexer hack

this code multiplication of 2 variables, in case variable; written unambiguously: alternatively, casting dereferenced value of b type a, in case typedef name; written unambiguously: in more detail, in compiler, lexer performs 1 of earliest stages of converting source code program. scans text extract meaningful tokens, such words, numbers, , strings. parser analyzes sequences of tokens attempting match them syntax rules representing language structures, such loops , variable declarations. problem occurs here if single sequence of tokens can ambiguously match more 1 syntax rule. this ambiguity can happen in c if lexer not distinguish between variable , typedef identifiers. example, in c expression: the lexer may find these tokens: the problem precisely lexical class of cannot determined without further context: parser can interpret variable multiplied b or type casting dereferenced value of b. known typedef-name: identifier problem, due name of problematic production rule.

Later life Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda

^ man bombed karachi dead . telegraph india. 2009-05-13. retrieved 2011-07-21.  ^ v. venkatesan (2006-11-03). dubious deal . frontline. retrieved 2007-06-16.  ^ tehelka tapes (transcript) . tehelka.com. p. 21. archived original on 2006-07-20. retrieved 2006-08-17.  ^ charged culpable homicide . indian express. 1999-04-08. retrieved 2007-07-16. 

History Pornography in Japan

1 history 1.1 before 20th century 1.2 in 20th century 1.2.1 1980s 1.2.2 1990s 1.3 21st century history before 20th century shunga or pornographic wood-block pictures printed imaginable situations. near end of edo period when foreigners became known , seen, sex acts foreign males drawn , sold, not mention acts animals, demons (both male (incubus) , female (succubus)). actual uses of shunga in period still debated, resembled modern uses of pornographic materials, including masturbation , shared viewing lover. after meiji restoration in second half of 19th century, publication of pornographic materials declined under government pressure. in 20th century in late taishō period , shōwa period, artistic movement called eroguronansensu, literally erotic-grotesque-nonsense , occurred influenced decadence works of europe. open sexual expressions permitted in novels , manga strict control applied on photographs , films. after world war ii, law against obscenity , article 175, official censorshi

Typical technique Ion chromatography

metrohm 850 ion chromatography system a sample introduced, either manually or autosampler, sample loop of known volume. buffered aqueous solution known mobile phase carries sample loop onto column contains form of stationary phase material. typically resin or gel matrix consisting of agarose or cellulose beads covalently bonded charged functional groups. equilibration of stationary phase needed in order obtain desired charge of column. if column not equilibrated desired molecule may not bind column. target analytes (anions or cations) retained on stationary phase can eluted increasing concentration of charged species displaces analyte ions stationary phase. example, in cation exchange chromatography, positively charged analyte can displaced adding positively charged sodium ions. analytes of interest must detected means, typically conductivity or uv/visible light absorbance. control ic system requires chromatography data system (cds). in addition ic systems, of these cdss can control ga

NBA finals 1971–72 Los Angeles Lakers season

1 nba finals 1.1 game 1 1.2 game 2 1.3 game 3 1.4 game 4 1.5 game 5 nba finals the los angeles lakers played against new york knicks in nba finals during postseason. game 1 although without willis reed because of knee injury. jerry lucas scored 26 points 1 of several knicks red hot. bill bradley hit 11 of 12 shots field new york shot 53 percent game. team took advantage of perfect first half jump lead , won easily, 114–92. in second half, forum crowd began filing out dejectedly. looked los angeles fold in finals. game 2 knicks forward dave debusschere hurt side , didn t play after first half. hairston scored 12 points in second half, , los angeles evened series 106–92 win. game 3 debusschere attempted play in first half , missed 6 of field-goal attempts. hurting , elected not play in second half. debusschere explained, didn t feel helping team. lakers danced out 22-point lead , regained home-court advantage 107–96 win. game 4 the game went overtime, @ end of regulation, wilt chamberl

Birth of Santos Foot-ball Clube .281912.29 History of Santos FC (1912–1935)

mário ferraz de campos advertisement in diário de santos, referring creation of new football club in brazil. football introduced brazil scottish expatriate named thomas donohue, first football match played in brazil in april 1894, played on pitch marked out donohue next workplace in bangu. in 1870s, many other british workers, scottish expatriate named john miller, worked on railway construction project in são paulo other european immigrants. in 1884, miller sent 10-year-old son charles william miller bannister school in southampton, england educated. charles skilled athlete picked game of football @ time when football league still being formed, , accomplished winger , striker charles held school honours gained him entry southampton football club team, , later county team of hampshire. on return brazil, charles brought 2 footballs , set of hampshire fa rules in suitcase. taught rules of game players in são paulo. sports. new football club. several sportsmen of city committed organize

Recognition of historic status Port Townsend, Washington

because of speed @ economy declined in 1890s , lack of industry replace it, none of victorian buildings torn down or built on in intervening period. preserved 100 years, when value of protecting them appreciated , fostered. the port townsend historic district, area including many victorian-era buildings, listed on national register of historic places in 1976. designated national historic landmark in 1977.

Portable lighting Police duty belt

1 portable lighting 1.1 primary flashlights 1.2 secondary flashlights 1.3 auxiliary flashlights 1.4 weapon lights 1.5 special purpose lights portable lighting primary flashlights law enforcement , security officers have large , powerful flashlight duty use carried on belt, more powerful 1 in car. these lights rechargeable , stay on charger when not in use. long, cylindrical flashlights tend carried in flashlight ring. rings simple , inexpensive, , convenient flashlights not regularly carried. however, flashlight—which heavy—is permitted great amount of vertical , horizontal freedom can make light insecure , uncomfortable carry. examples of popular primary flashlights: maglite instrument magcharger streamlight sl20xp-led surefire 10x dominator pelican 8060 led utg handheld south australian police officers in february 2006 wearing duty belts. secondary flashlights because of size , weight of primary lights, , agency policy, many officers choose carry smaller secondary flashlight everyday

Iron Age Short chronology

the iron age (12th 7th centuries bc). while not subject long versus short dating issue, chronology in ancient near east not on firm footing until rise of neo-babylonian , neo-assyrian rulers in respective regions. dates, regnal lengths, , names of number of rulers interim period still unknown. make matters worse, few surviving records, such synchronistic chronicle, give conflicting data. second dynasty of isin after fall of kassite dynasty of babylon elam, power in region, , control of babylon, swung city-state of isin. assyria @ time extremely weak, except during reign of powerful assyrian ruler tiglath-pileser i. other polities in area had yet recover bronze age collapse. middle-assyrian period after middle assyrian kingdom there uncertain period in assyrian history. current cornerstone of chronology time assyrian king list which, unfortunately, conflicts other records such synchronised king list , babylonian king list. in event, rulers of assyria in time weak, except tiglath-pileser

College career Shabazz Muhammad

muhammad ucla in 2012. boasting scholarship offers scores of basketball programs, muhammad s final list of schools duke, kentucky, , ucla. on april 11, 2012, muhammad announced attend ucla. muhammad declared ineligible play hours prior ucla s 2012–13 season opener against indiana state due alleged violations involving ncaa s amateurism rules surrounding unofficial university visits. ncaa ruled had received benefits travel expenses , lodging family friend benjamin lincoln, had befriended muhammad s father when muhammad in seventh grade, during unofficial visits duke , north carolina. after missing 3 games , appeal ucla, reinstated, , family required repay approximately $1,600. days before reinstatement, several media outlets reported boyfriend of ncaa’s lead investigator boasted publicly ncaa find him ineligible 8 days after investigation commenced. ncaa subsequently fired investigator involved in case. muhammad scored 15 points off bench in debut in 78–70 loss georgetown in semifinals

Shigure Sohma List of Fruits Basket characters

shigure sohma (草摩 紫呉, sōma shigure), aged 26–28, dog of chinese zodiac , owner of house he, tohru, yuki, , kyo live. writer publishes literary novels under own name , trashy romances under pen names. successful pen name noa kiritani, used erotic novel series, summer-colored sigh. best friends cousins hatori , ayame, , , ayame pretend lovers. in author s note, natsuki takaya described shigure problem child. in anime, shigure depicted lazy , dirty-minded, seeming take nothing seriously, , fondness teasing people—especially editor mitsuru, kyo, yuki, tohru, , ritsu. in manga, behaves same shown manipulative: admits on hatori using tohru pawn deeper purpose , calls himself filthiest of being willing sacrifice wants. more once, provokes akito apparently undiplomatic responses create other confrontations, such akito s visit summer beach house in volumes 10-11. shigure admits kureno hopes disruption tohru has caused further weaken weakening zodiac curse, , gives tohru hints figure out h

Tohru Honda List of Fruits Basket characters

tohru honda (本田 透, honda tōru), aged 16–18, orphaned high school student who, @ start of story, begins living shigure, yuki, , kyo sohma in exchange housekeeping. loves cook, describes herself excellent housekeeper, , has after-school job office janitor pay tuition fees avoid being burden on grandfather. depicted polite, optimistic, extremely kind, , selfless; several other characters, including kyo, rin, , hanajima, tell needs out herself , not shoulder else s burdens. in original japanese, tohru habitually speaks formally (see honorific speech in japanese), not correctly, habit picked father, katsuya, after died when three, way of replacing him in mother s eyes. tohru s mother, kyoko, raised alone until died in car accident shortly after tohru entered high school, few months before start of story. tohru repeatedly calls kyoko important person in life , treasures photograph; when falls in love kyo feels guilty of being unfaithful mother s memory. in first half of series, tohru learn

Classification and species list Araucaria

araucaria columnaris sapling distinctive axial bud. araucaria heterophylla leaves petrified cone of araucaria mirabilis patagonia, argentina dating jurassic period (approx. 157 mya) there 4 extant sections , 2 extinct sections in genus, treated separate genera. genetic studies indicate extant members of genus can subdivided 2 large clades – first consisting of section araucaria, bunya, , intermedia; , second of monophyletic section eutacta. sections eutacta , bunya both oldest taxa of genus, eutacta possibly older. taxa marked † extinct. section araucaria. leaves broad; cones more 12 cm (4.7 in) diameter; seed germination hypogeal. syn. sect. columbea; includes intermedia , bunya araucaria angustifolia – paraná pine (obsolete: brazilian pine , candelabra tree ); southern , southeastern brazil, northeastern argentina. araucaria araucana – monkey-puzzle or pehuén (obsolete: chile pine ); central chile & western argentina. †araucaria nipponensis – japan section bunya. contain