History Ion chromatography

ion exchange chromatography

ion chromatography has advanced through accumulation of knowledge on course of many years. starting 1947, spedding , powell used displacement ion-exchange chromatography separation of rare earths. additionally, showed ion-exchange separation of 14n , 15n isotopes in ammonia. @ start of 1950s, kraus , nelson demonstrated use of many analytical methods metal ions dependent on separation of chloride, fluoride, nitrate or sulfate complexes anion chromatography. automatic in-line detection progressively introduced 1960 1980 novel chromatographic methods metal ion separations. groundbreaking method small, stevens , bauman @ dow chemical co. unfolded creation of modern ion chromatography. anions , cations separated efficiently system of suppressed conductivity detection. in 1979, method anion chromatography non-suppressed conductivity detection introduced gjerde et al. following in 1980, similar method cation chromatography.

as result, period of extreme competition began within ic market, supporters both suppressed , non-suppressed conductivity detection. competition led fast growth of new forms , fast evolution of ic. challenge needs overcome in future development of ic preparation of highly efficient monolithic ion-exchange columns , overcoming challenge of great importance development of ic.

the boom of ion exchange chromatography began between 1935–1950 during world war ii , through manhattan project applications , ic extended. ion chromatography introduced 2 english researchers, agricultural sir thompson , chemist j t way. works of thompson , way involved action of water-soluble fertilizer salts, ammonium sulfate , potassium chloride. these salts not extracted ground due rain. performed ion methods treat clays salts, resulting in extraction of ammonia in addition release of calcium. in fifties , sixties theoretical models developed ic further understanding , not until seventies continuous detectors utilized, paving path development low-pressure high-performance chromatography. not until 1975 ion chromatography established name in reference techniques, , thereafter used name marketing purposes. today ic important investigating aqueous systems, such drinking water. popular method analyzing anionic elements or complexes solve environmentally relevant problems. likewise, has great uses in semiconductor industry.

because of abundant separating columns, elution systems, , detectors available, chromatography has developed main method ion analysis.

when technique developed, used water treatment. since 1935, ion exchange chromatography rapidly manifested 1 of heavily leveraged techniques, principles being applied majority of fields of chemistry, including distillation, adsorption, , filtration.