Biological factors Gender identity

a survey of research literature 1955–2000 suggests more 1 in every hundred individuals may have intersex characteristic. intersex human or other animal 1 possessing of several variations in sex characteristics including chromosomes, gonads, sex hormones, or genitals that, according un office of high commissioner human rights, not fit typical binary notions of male or female bodies . intersex variation may complicate initial sex assignment , assignment may not consistent child s future gender identity. reinforcing sex assignments through surgical , hormonal means may violate individual s rights.

a 2012 clinical review paper found between 8.5% , 20% of people intersex variations experienced gender dysphoria. sociological research in australia, country third x sex classification, shows 19% of people born atypical sex characteristics selected x or other option, while 52% women, 23% men, , 6% unsure. @ birth, 52% of persons in study assigned female, , 41% assigned male.

a study reiner & gearhart provides insight can happen when genetically male children cloacal exstrophy sexually assigned female , raised girls, according optimal gender policy developed john money: in sample of 14 children, follow-up between ages of 5 12 showed 8 of them identified boys, , of subjects had @ least moderately male-typical attitudes , interests, providing support argument genetic variables affect gender identity , behavior independent of socialization.

biological causes of transgender , transsexuality

some studies have investigated whether or not there link between biological variables , transgender or transsexual identity. several studies have shown sexually dimorphic brain structures in transsexuals shifted away associated birth sex , towards associated preferred sex. in particular, bed nucleus of stria terminalis or bstc (a constituent of basal ganglia of brain affected prenatal androgens) of trans women similar cisgender women s , unlike men s. similar brain structure differences have been noted between gay , heterosexual men, , between lesbian , heterosexual women. study suggests transsexuality may have genetic component.

research suggests same hormones promote differentiation of sex organs in utero elicit puberty , influence development of gender identity. different amounts of these male or female sex hormones within person can result in behavior , external genitalia not match norm of sex assigned @ birth, , in person acting , looking identified gender.