Classification Speech sound disorder

1 classification

1.1 articulation disorders
1.2 phonemic disorders
1.3 mixed speech sound disorders
1.4 residual errors

classification

speech sound disorders may subdivided 2 primary types, articulation disorders (also called phonetic disorders) , phonemic disorders (also called phonological disorders). however, may have mixed disorder in both articulation , phonological problems exist. though speech sound disorders associated childhood, residual errors may persist adulthood.

articulation disorders

articulation disorders (also called phonetic disorders, or artic disorders short) based on difficulty learning physically produce intended phonemes. articulation disorders have main articulators lips, teeth, alveolar ridge, hard palate, velum, glottis, , tongue. if disorder has of these articulators, articulation disorder. there fewer errors phonemic disorder, , distortions more (though omissions, additions, , substitutions may present). treated teaching child how physically produce sound , having them practice production until (hopefully) becomes natural. articulation disorders should not confused motor speech disorders, such dysarthria (in there actual paralysis of speech musculature) or developmental verbal dyspraxia (in motor planning severely impaired).

phonemic disorders

in phonemic disorder (also called phonological disorders) child having trouble learning sound system of language, failing recognize sound-contrasts contrast meaning. example, sounds /k/ , /t/ may not recognized having different meanings, call , tall might treated homophones, both being pronounced tall. called phoneme collapse, , in cases many sounds may represented 1 — e.g., /d/ might replace /t/, /k/, , /g/. result, number of error sounds (though not always) greater articulation disorders , substitutions common error. phonemic disorders treated using minimal pairs (two words differ 1 sound) draw child s attention difference , effect on communication.

some children phonemic disorders may seem able hear phoneme distinctions in speech of others not own. called fis phenomenon based on scenario in speech pathologist say, did fis, don t mean fish ? child responds, no, didn t fis, said fis . in cases, sounds produced child acoustically different, not enough others distinguish - ironically, because sounds not phonemically unique speakers of language.

though phonemic disorders considered language disorders in language system affected, speech sound disorders in errors relate use of phonemes. makes them different specific language impairment (sli), disorder of syntax (grammar) , usage of language rather sound system. however, 2 can coexist, affecting same person.

other disorders can deal variety of different ways pronounce consonants. examples glides , liquids. glides occur when articulatory posture changes gradually consonant vowel. liquids can include /l/ , /.1/ .

mixed speech sound disorders

in cases phonetic , phonemic errors may coexist in same person. in such case primary focus on phonological component articulation therapy may needed part of process, since teaching child how use sound not practical if child not know how produce it.

residual errors

even though speech sound disorders can treated in childhood, , few may outgrow them on own, errors may persist adulthood rather being not age appropriate. such persisting errors referred residual errors , may remain life.