Uses Ion chromatography

1 uses

1.1 clinical utility
1.2 industrial applications
1.3 drug development

uses
clinical utility

a use of ion chromatography can seen in argentation ion chromatography. usually, silver , compounds containing acetylenic , ethylenic bonds have weak interactions. phenomenon has been tested on olefin compounds. ion complexes olefins make silver ions weak , made based on overlapping of pi, sigma, , d orbitals , available electrons therefore cause no real changes in double bond. behavior manipulated separate lipids, fatty acids mixtures in fractions differing number of double bonds using silver ions. ion resins impregnated silver ions, exposed various acids (silicic acid) elute fatty acids of different characteristics.

detection limits low 1 μm can obtained alkali metal ions. may used measurement of hba1c, porphyrin , water purification. ion exchange resins(ier) have been used in medicines due high capacity , uncomplicated system of separation process. 1 of synthetic uses use ion exchange resins kidney dialysis. method used separate blood elements using cellulose membraned artificial kidney.

another clinical application of ion chromatography in rapid anion exchange chromatography technique used separate creatine kinase (ck) isoenzymes human serum , tissue sourced in autopsy material (mostly ck rich tissues used such cardiac muscle , brain). these isoenzymes include mm, mb, , bb, carry out same function given different amino acid sequences. functions of these isoenzymes convert creatine, using atp, phosphocreatine expelling adp. mini columns filled deae-sephadex a-50 , further eluted tris- buffer sodium chloride @ various concentrations (each concentration chosen advantageously manipulate elution). human tissue extract inserted in columns separation. fractions analyzed see total ck activity , found each source of ck isoenzymes had characteristic isoenzymes found within. firstly, ck- mm eluted, ck-mb, followed ck-bb. therefore, isoenzymes found in each sample used identify source, tissue specific.

using information results, correlation made diagnosis of patients , kind of ck isoenzymes found in abundant activity. finding, 35 out of 71 patients studied suffered heart attack (myocardial infarction) contained abundant amount of ck-mm , ck-mb isoenzymes. findings further show many other diagnosis including renal failure, cerebrovascular disease, , pulmonary disease found have ck-mm isoenzyme , no other isoenzyme. results study indicate correlations between various diseases , ck isoenzymes found confirms previous test results using various techniques. studies ck-mb found in heart attack victims have expanded since study , application of ion chromatography.

industrial applications

since 1975 ion chromatography has been used in many branches of industry. main beneficial advantages reliability, accuracy , precision, high selectivity, high speed, high separation efficiency, , low cost of consumables. significant development related ion chromatography new sample preparation methods; improving speed , selectivity of analytes separation; lowering of limits of detection , limits of quantification; extending scope of applications; development of new standard methods; miniaturization , extending scope of analysis of new group of substances. allows quantitative testing of electrolyte , proprietary additives of electroplating baths. advancement of qualitative hull cell testing or less accurate uv testing. ions, catalysts, brighteners , accelerators can measured. ion exchange chromatography has gradually become known, universal technique detection of both anionic , cationic species. applications such purposes have been developed, or under development, variety of fields of interest, , in particular, pharmaceutical industry. usage of ion exchange chromatography in pharmaceuticals has increased in recent years, , in 2006, chapter on ion exchange chromatography officially added united states pharmacopia-national formulary (usp-nf). furthermore, in 2009 release of usp-nf, united states pharmacopia made several analyses of ion chromatography available using 2 techniques: conductivity detection, pulse amperometric detection. majority of these applications used measuring , analyzing residual limits in pharmaceuticals, including detecting limits of oxalate, iodide, sulfate, sulfamate, phosphate, various electrolytes including potassium, , sodium. in total, 2009 edition of usp-nf officially released twenty 8 methods of detection analysis of active compounds, or components of active compounds, using either conductivity detection or pulse amperometric detection.

drug development

an ion chromatography system used detect , measure cations such sodium, ammonium , potassium in expectorant cough formulations.

there has been growing interest in application of ic in analysis of pharmaceutical drugs. ic used in different aspects of product development , quality control testing. example, ic used improve stabilities , solubility properties of pharmaceutical active drugs molecules used detect systems have higher tolerance organic solvents. ic has been used determination of analytes part of dissolution test. instance, calcium dissolution tests have shown other ions present in medium can resolved among , calcium ion. therefore, ic has been employed in drugs in form of tablets , capsules in order determine amount of drug dissolve time. ic used detection , quantification of excipients or inactive ingredients used in pharmaceutical formulations. detection of sugar , sugar alcohol in such formulations through ic has been done due these polar groups getting resolved in ion column. ic methodology established in analysis of impurities in drug substances , products. impurities or components not part of drug chemical entity evaluated , give insights maximum , minimum amounts of drug should administered in patient per day.