Languages Arunachal Pradesh

modern-day arunachal pradesh 1 of linguistically richest , diverse regions in of asia, being home @ least 30 , possibly many 50 distinct languages in addition innumerable dialects , subdialects thereof. boundaries between languages correlate tribal divisions—for example, apatani , nyishi tribally , linguistically distinct—but shifts in tribal identity , alignment on time have ensured amount of complication enters picture—for example, galo language , has seemingly been linguistically distinct adi, whereas earlier tribal alignment of galo adi (i.e., adi gallong ) has been dissolved.

the vast majority of languages indigenous modern-day arunachal pradesh belong tibeto-burman family. majority of these in turn belong single branch of tibeto-burman, namely abo-tani language. tani languages indigenous central arunachal pradesh, including (moving west east) nyishi, apatani, tagin, galo, bokar, adi, padam, pasi, , minyong. tani languages noticeably characterised overall relative uniformity, suggesting relatively recent origin , dispersal within present-day area of concentration. of tani languages mutually intelligible @ least 1 other tani language, meaning area constitutes dialect chain, once found in of europe; apatani , milang stand out relatively unusual in tani context. tani languages among better-studied languages of region.

to east of tani area lie 3 virtually undescribed , highly endangered languages of mishmi group of tibeto-burman: idu, digaru , miju. number of speakers of these languages found in tibet. relationships of these languages, both amongst 1 , other area languages, yet uncertain. further south, 1 finds singpho (kachin) language, spoken large populations in myanmar s kachin state, , nocte , wancho languages, show affiliations naga languages spoken south in modern-day nagaland.

to west , north of tani area found @ least 1 , possibly many 4 bodic languages, including dakpa , tshangla language; within modern-day india, these languages go cognate but, in usage, distinct designations monpa , memba. speakers of these languages or closely related bodic languages found in neighbouring bhutan , tibet, , monpa , memba populations remain closely adjacent these border regions.

between bodic , tani areas lie large number of undescribed , unclassified languages, which, speculatively considered tibeto-burman, exhibit many unique structural , lexical properties reflect both long history in region , complex history of language contact neighbouring populations. among them sherdukpen, bugun, aka/hruso, koro, miji, bangru , puroik/sulung. high linguistic significance these languages belied extreme paucity of documentation , description of them, in view of highly endangered status. puroik, in particular, perhaps 1 of culturally , linguistically unique , significant populations in of asia proto-historical , anthropological-linguistic perspectives, , yet virtually no information of real reliability regarding culture or language can found in print.

finally, other bodic , tani groups there migratory languages largely spoken migratory , central government employees serving in state in different departments , institutions in modern-day arunachal pradesh. classified non-tribal per provisions of constitution of india.

outside of tibeto-burman, 1 finds in arunachal pradesh single representative of tai family, spoken tribes khampti , singpho, closely affiliated shan language of myanmar s shan state. seemingly, khampti recent arrival in arunachal pradesh presence dates 18th and/or 19th-century migrations northern myanmar. in addition these non-indo-european languages, indo-european languages assamese, bengali, english, nepali , hindi making strong inroads arunachal pradesh. result of primary education system—in classes taught hindi-speaking immigrant teachers bihar , other hindi-speaking parts of northern india, large , growing section of population speaks semi-creolized variety of hindi mother tongue. hindi acts lingua franca of people in state. despite, or perhaps because of, linguistic diversity of region, english official language recognised in state.

the speakers of major languages of state according 2001 census nyishi (208,337), adi (193,379), bengali (97,149), nepali (94,919), hindi (81,186), monpa (55,428), assamese (51,551), wancho (48,544), tangsa (34,231), mishmi (33,522), mishing (33,381), nocte (32,591), , others (64,711).