History Kadaň

1 history

1.1 history until thirty years war
1.2 age of enlightenment until 19th century
1.3 20th century

history
early history until thirty years war

there legends accrediting beginnings of town celtic tribes. in 1st century a.d. germanic tribes came, moved on in great germanic migration west. in 6th century country settled slavs. talk castle on Úhošť hill might have been called wogastisburg battle between franks , slavs occurred in 631. battle of canburg in 805 mentioned in connection town, mistake because locality of name (canburg - kanina) in middle bohemia.

the first written record is, though, of end of 12th century - czech prince granted market town of kadaň knights of st. john. slavic rulers called german settlers country, offering them freedom gaining taxes @ same time. knights hospitaller built first church in kadaň - st. john baptist - still stands in part of town called hospitaller suburb, in baroque style. in 13th century, town promoted royal city . began thrive , new town built on heights above river, castle , franciscan monastery. there big fire in 1362. however, emperor charles iv twice visited city (1367 , 1374) granted several municipal rights (home rule, vineyard, , annual market) made flourish again. reign of wenceslaus iv (václav iv) produced skilled clockmaker mikuláš of kadaň (mikuláš z kadaně), who, mathematician , astronomer jan Šindel, designed prague orloj.

the 15th century brought new dimension history of kadaň: town , castle used pledged royal creditors. @ end of rule of george of poděbrady first town , later castle captured jan hasištejnský z lobkovic (john of lobkowicz , hassenstein), seemed see kadaň suitable capital dependent territories. establishment , construction of monastery of franciscans of strict observance, built family burial-place , later pardon place of fourteen holy helpers, may reflect ambitions town. jan hasištejnský died in 1517 , buried in church of fourteen holy helpers. tomb still on display in church, part of municipal museum. same year saw beginning of reformation in germany, had immediate impact on atmosphere in german speaking kadaň. in 1534, kadaň religious peace negotiated here between württemberg protestants , ferdinand i, holy roman emperor catholic side. in thirty years war during next century, kadaň suffered fires , plundering various armies on way battlefields of bohemia. after war, formerly czech-german town became monolingual german domain.

the age of enlightenment until 19th century

kadaň seen river

during silesian wars kadaň foothold withdrawing french army fortified in franciscan monastery , besieged hungarian , croatian units of austrian army. door of monastery church still shows bullet holes battle on october 14, 1742. town caught fire in 1746, providing great opportunity kadaň s christopher wren - johann christoph kosch. built many baroque buildings, including church of elevation of holy cross, church of holy family , monastery of order of st. elisabeth. castle of kadaň rebuilt serve barracks in time of maria theresa of austria. son joseph ii visited kadaň in 1779. joseph s reforms affected town life. monastery of minorites closed , thereafter became premises of first grammar school under control of piarists 1803 1823. 1788 saw inauguration of town municipal council. jakob marzel sternberger first mayor , held office until 1822. great-grandson jacob sternberger emigrated u.s.a. in 1850 part of first wave of european immigrants of time (max kade institute).

the last great fire damaged town in 1811 , since then, historic centre has retained pattern. after revolution of 1848 letdown town became district centre. institute of district town lasted in kadaň 110 years when affiliated chomutov district. in second half of 19th century homeland study activities developed , number of institutions, clubs , societies established. national composition of kadaň population explicit - on 90% german , 3% czech, jewish community well.

20th century

at start of 20th century, society of friends of museum in kaaden decided document towns history opening museum.

in final weeks of world war i, czechoslovakia established on 28 october 1918, czech, moravian , silesian component having been defined historic borders of czech (bohemian) kingdom. however, of german border population, not enthusiastic becoming part of new republic slavonic definition. instead, 4 regional self-governed states emerged along borderland, according right self determination guaranteed woodrow wilson in no. 10 of fourteen points. kaaden, (kadaň in czech), declared part of german bohemia. on 4 march 1919, first assembly of german austrian parliament occasion both peaceful , violent demonstrations in german-populated border cities. in kadaň, curfew , martial law declared , czechoslovak military forces sent in. demonstration in kadaň self determination bloodiest. according swiss neue zürcher zeitung report of 7 march 1919, 17 persons killed, 30 badly wounded, , 80 wounded there. on all, 25 victims buried in memorial grave @ central cemetery. restored after fall of communism in 1989.

after munich agreement in later september 1938, kaaden became part of reichsgau sudetenland. local czech people forced move central czechoslovakia, remaining ones , jewish community oppressed. synagogue burnt down during kristallnacht of november 9, 1939. according beneš decrees, after second world war, of german population transferred (flight , expulsion of germans czechoslovakia during , after world war ii), , area re-settled czech people, many without roots in region.

a prefabricated house after reconstruction

from 1950s, new prefabricated housing estates built reached outer parts of historical conurbation in 1960s , 70s. expansion necessary because many people had moved in jobs in region s thriving mining , electrical industries. historical monuments dilapidated , uncared-for. before 1989 parts of historical centre intended replaced modern housing. fortunately velvet revolution changed trend of development in town , brought change in attitudes towards cultural values of past. historical heart of kadaň began repaired , after 15 years has become pearl of region. there new site on bank of ohře river being planned , projected- maxipes fík embankment lot of attractions both children , adults. town has been turning tourist centre of predominantly industrial region. drawback tourism lack of higher-capacity hotel in town.