Present views Gender identity

1 present views

1.1 medical field
1.2 gender dysphoria , gender identity disorder
1.3 international human rights law

present views

medical field

as of 2014, there changing of views , new discrepancies best way deal gender nonconformity. members of medical field, increasing number of parents, no longer believe in idea of conversion therapy. on other hand, there still large number of clinicians believe there should interventions gender nonconforming children. believe stereotypical gender-specific toys , games encourage children behave in traditional gender roles.

transsexual self-identified people wish undergo physical surgery refashion primary sexual characteristics, secondary characteristics, or both, because feel more comfortable different genitalia. may involve removal of penis, testicles or breasts, or fashioning of penis, vagina or breasts. in past, sex assignment surgery has been performed on infants born ambiguous genitalia. however, current medical opinion against procedure, since many adults have regretted these decisions made them @ birth. today, sex reassignment surgery performed on people choose have change anatomical sex match gender identity.

in united states, decided under affordable care act health insurance exchanges have ability collect demographic information on gender identity , sexual identity through optional questions, policymakers better recognize needs of lgbt community.

gender dysphoria , gender identity disorder

gender dysphoria (previously called gender identity disorder or gid in dsm) formal diagnosis of people experience significant dysphoria (discontent) sex assigned @ birth and/or gender roles associated sex: in gender identity disorder, there discordance between natal sex of 1 s external genitalia , brain coding of 1 s gender masculine or feminine. diagnostic , statistical manual of mental disorders (302.85) has 5 criteria must met before diagnosis of gender identity disorder can made, , disorder further subdivided specific diagnoses based on age, example gender identity disorder in children (for children experience gender dysphoria).

the concept of gender identity appeared in diagnostic , statistical manual of mental disorders in third edition, dsm-iii (1980), in form of 2 psychiatric diagnoses of gender dysphoria: gender identity disorder of childhood (gidc), , transsexualism (for adolescents , adults). 1987 revision of manual, dsm-iii-r, added third diagnosis: gender identity disorder of adolescence , adulthood, nontranssexual type. latter diagnosis removed in subsequent revision, dsm-iv (1994), collapsed gidc , transsexualism new diagnosis of gender identity disorder. in 2013, dsm-5 renamed diagnosis gender dysphoria , revised definition.

the authors of 2005 academic paper questioned classification of gender identity problems mental disorder, speculating dsm revisions may have been made on tit-for-tat basis when groups pushing removal of homosexuality disorder. remains controversial, although vast majority of today s mental health professionals follow , agree current dsm classifications.

international human rights law

the yogyakarta principles, document on application of international human rights law, provide in preamble definition of gender identity each person s felt internal , individual experience of gender, may or may not correspond sex assigned @ birth, including person s sense of body (which may involve, if freely chosen, modification of bodily appearance or function medical, surgical or other means) , other experience of gender, including dress, speech , mannerism. principle 3 states each person’s self-defined [...] gender identity integral personality , 1 of basic aspects of self-determination, dignity , freedom. no 1 shall forced undergo medical procedures, including sex reassignment surgery, sterilisation or hormonal therapy, requirement legal recognition of gender identity. , principle 18 states notwithstanding classifications contrary, person s sexual orientation , gender identity not, in , of themselves, medical conditions , not treated, cured or suppressed. relating principle, jurisprudential annotations yogyakarta principles observed gender identity differing assigned @ birth, or socially rejected gender expression, have been treated form of mental illness. pathologization of difference has led gender-transgressive children , adolescents being confined in psychiatric institutions, , subjected aversion techniques — including electroshock therapy — cure . yogyakarta principles in action says important note while sexual orientation has been declassified mental illness in many countries, gender identity or gender identity disorder remains in consideration. these principles influenced un declaration on sexual orientation , gender identity

in 2015, gender identity part of supreme court case in united states called obergefell v hodges in marriage no longer restricted between man , woman.